Royal Family Kids' Camps

Royal Family Kids' Camps (RFKC) is a network of camps for abused children founded in 1985 by Wayne and Diane Tesch. This ministry offers training and resources for local churches to sponsor a five-day summer camp for the children in foster care, ages 7 – 11.

In addition to the structured schedule, the camp maintains a ratio of one volunteer counselor for every two children. Adult role models encourage positive experiences through a plethora of activities, including swimming, fishing, boating, jewelry-making and woodworking. The highlight of the summer camp is the giant birthday party with cake and gifts for all campers. The group operates 159 camps in the United States and around the world, and has about 6000 adult volunteers.

Royal family kids camps santa ana campers: Royal family kids camps santa ana memories

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House Party 2

House Party 2: The Pajama Jam! is the sequel to the 1990 film House Party, released in 1991 by New Line Cinema. The sequel returns most of the cast of the first movie. The second installment includes more guest appearances from other famous entertainers than the first film did such as Queen Latifah and Ralph Tresvant. House Party 2 basically has the same premise as the first except it is a pajama party instead of a regular house party.

Plot

Following the death of "Pop" the local church has donated a scholarship fund to Kid so that he can go to college. Play now drives a sports car called "Forplay" and has opened up his own record store. He attracts the attention of music producer Shelia Landreaux whose talent scout Rick spotted Kid N' Play performing at a community center. Shelia is willing to help finance Kid N'Play's demo session if they can commit to taking the act to the top of the charts. Kid however immediately backs out because he cant commit to the act and go to school, causing a rift between the two friends.

Kid and Sydney both move into new student accommodations where Kid's room mate is Jamal, a white rapper and Sydney moves in with Zora, a strong minded female student who embraces strong political correctness. Zora encourages Sydney to take courses that focus on more feminist perspectives and slowly Kid and Sydney begin to drift apart. While buying books for his studies, Kid's tuition cheque bounces and he is sent to the finance office where first he meets Miles, the Dean's assistant who tells him not to be intimidated. Kid then meets Dean Kramer who destroys Kid's student ID and gives him a week to pay his tuition fee. Miles tells Kid he can "hook him up" with an extension by getting his friend to make changes on the main computer for a small price. Kid gives Miles all the money he has left for the hook up.

Meanwhile, Shelia Landreaux approaches Play after Rick apparently takes off with the money that was supposedly for Kid n' Play's demo session so he can clear his gambling debts. Play hesitantly gives Shelia Kid's scholarship cheque and faces a grilling from Bilal. Kid arrives later on demanding answers from Play as to the whereabouts of his money. Play comes clean to Kid and convinces him to ride to the recording studio where he promises Shelia will be with the money. Kid, Play and Bilal arrive at "Do Me Records" but are denied access into the building as the secretary has not heard of the names Shelia Landreaux or Play. Play is then confronted by Stab, Zilla and Pee Wee who want to know when they are going to record there demo. The trio were led to believe that Shelia gave Play there money for there demo session. As everyone argues the police arrive and warn them never to give money to any women by the name of Shelia Landreaux who also goes by several other alias'. Kid and Play get into fight and Bilal then convinces Kid to ask Sydney for money.

Kid approaches Sydney but rather than ask for money the two decide to stop seeing each other. Kid takes a job in the faculty dining hall to make ends meet. Things get worse when his lecturer, Professor Sinclair, gives him a week to write a 20 page paper or face failing his class. However without a student ID and with Stab, Zilla and Pee Wee working as campus security Kid can no longer get into the library or cafeteria and relies on Jamal for support as he balances work and study.

Bilal, who frequently convinces Play to give him personal discounts on records reminds him one day that "sometimes you've gotta pay what you owe". Play then approaches Kid with a plan to make the money back: A Pajama party where men pay entry fee and women "appropriately dressed" get in for free. Play wants to hold the party in the faculty dining hall which would mean Kid having to get the key and risk getting into trouble with his boss Mr Lee. Kid is against this idea and instead tries to reconcile with Sydney but sees her getting close to Miles at a protest rally. After Mr Lee is informed that Kid is no longer a student he is dismissed of his duties and sent back to Dean Kramer. Kid manages to get his deadline extended another week giving him enough time to plan for the party. Kid, Play, Bilal and Jamal begin spreading word on campus about the party.

Later on the party is in full swing. Sydney arrives hoping to talk to Kid but after seeing him getting close to another student she decides to go with Miles. Zora is approached by Rick and Shelia who is now going by another alias. While Kid N'Play perform on stage, Kid is distracted by Miles who forces Sydney into drinking beer. He jumps off stage to rescue Sydney. Play spots Shelia and Rick and chases after them. Zora knocks Shelia out with a punch to the face while Sydney tries to get away from Miles. Miles eventually lets go off Sydney and runs off with Kid in hot pursuit. A chase occurs around the building involving Kid, Miles, Rick, Play and campus security. Kid finally confronts Miles on the roof who tries to swing at kid but falls through the glass roof and lands flat in huge cake.

The party is eventually stopped by Dean Kramer and the police. Play explains the whole situation to Dean Kramer who promptly fires Miles and has Rick and Shelia arrested. He then tells Kid that the room needs to be changed back to the way it was by morning or face expulsion. As Kid, Play, Bilal and Jamal frantically clean up Kid is approached by Mr Lee. A reluctant Play gives Kid the money they made and Kid hands it over to Mr Lee hoping it will pay for the damages. The next day Kid informs Mr Lee and then Professor Sinclair of his departure citing that he hadn't proven he belonged at college. Professor Sinclair had thought otherwise revealing he had given Kid an A minus for his 20 page paper. He offers Kid a job as his teaching assistant but Kid declines because it wouldn't cover all his expenses.

Kid heads over to Pops grave where he apologises for letting him down. Play attempts to talk to Kid but he is too upset. Kid then packs up the rest of his stuff and says goodbye to Jamal and Sydney. As he leaves the house, Play and Bilal pull up in Play's old car. Play sold "Foreplay" and gives the money to Kid. He admits to being the one who forced Kid to drop out of college in the first place and apologises. Play tells Kid to go back inside and study. As Play and Bilal drive away Kid looks up to the heavens and says thanks to Pop.

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List of Schools in Pakistan set 2

List of Schools for your kids's campus in Pakistan set 2

Punjab

Lahore

* St. Anthony's High School
* Farooq Girls High School
* DMSS-Dar-ul-Mominien Schooling System
* Aitchison College
* Chand Bagh School, Muridke
* Crescent Model Higher Secondary School
* Garrison Boys High School, Lahore Cantt
* The Lahore Lyceum
* Lahore American School (LAS)
* Lahore Grammar School
* National Grammar School
* International School of Choueifat
* The Sterling Foundation School
* Benison Islamic School
* Ali kids campus
* Al-Sibgha School System, Samanabad
* McDeutsche International School Junior and Upper, Azam Garden
* Supreme Education School System
* Hamdard Public School
* Lahore College Of Arts And Sciences (LACAS)
* Beaconhouse School System
* Society Public School, Lahore
* Lahore Public School, Lahore
* Salamat School System (SSS)
* Resource Academia
* American National School (ANS)
* Defence Public School
* College For Boys (DHA)
* Sunshine Trust

Sindh

Karachi

* Main article: List of schools in Karachi
* Army Public School (C.O.D.) Rashid Minhas Road, Off Drigh Road
* Southshore School for A-Level Studies
* Foundation Public School
* Little Folks School Block F, North Nazimabad
* Habib Public School
* St Joseph's Convent School
* The CAS School
* Karachi Grammar School
* Clifton Grammar Junior & Senior School (CGJSS)
* St Patrick's High School
* The Lyceum School
* Shahwilayat Public School
* St Michael's Convent School
* St Paul's High School
* Ayesha Bawani Academy
* Convent of Jesus and Mary
* Bai Virbaiji Soparivala Parsi High School
* Happy Home High School
* Avicenna School
* Springfield School Karachi
* The Jaffar Public School
* The Metropolitan Academy (Naseerabad, Incholi, Jauhar and Gulberg campuses)
* Kingsley American school
* Mrs Haque's School, Karachi
* Springfield School
* New Day Grammar School (Karachi), Korangi 6 ndash
* Aureole High School, Defence
* Bay View High School (Karachi)
* Chaudhary Education System
* Chiniot Islamia School and College, Karachi
* Green Land Public School, North Karachi
* Sydney Grammar English School,F.B Area
* CAA Model School
* The Mama Parsi Girl's Secondary School
* Karachi Public School
* Metropolitan Academy School Karachi
* Metropolis Academy School Karachi
* Wonderland Grammar School Karachi
* Bahria College NORE I Karachi
* Waris Ali Shah Public School, Karachi
* The International School
* International School of Studies
* Generation's School
* SOS HG Karachi Primary School
* Sadequain Academy NIPA Karachi
* S.M. Public school Karachi.
* The Metropolitan Foundation
* PECHS Girls School
* Fahims School System
* The Mama Parsi Girls' Secondary School, est. 1918
* Karachi Public High School
* Army Public School and College, Saddar
* Public School and College
* Al-Murtaza School
* Guards Public School
* Ali Ali School

Hyderabad

* Cadet College Petaro
* Foundation Public School
* St Bonaventure's High School, Foujdari Road, Saddar and Qasimabad
* St Mary's Convent High School, Foujdari Road, Saddar
* Eden Grammar School, Qasimabad
* The City School (Jinnah Campus), Qasimabad
* Gul Ursani School, Qasimabad
* Roots School System
* Preston School, Latifabad U2
* Beaconhouse School System, Qasimabad
* College of Excellence
* School of Excellence
* Army Public School
* Public School, Latifabad U2
* The New Beacon Academy, Latifabad U6
* Blue~Sea High School, Qasimabad

Sukkur

* Public School

Mirpur Khas

* Public School
* The Truth Learning Academy Mirpurkhas

Larkana

* Cadet College Larkana
* Public School (Larkana)
* Baqa Grammar School
* Government Pilot School Larkana

Mithi

* Public School

Ghotki

* Roshan Tara Model Higher Secondary School

Other cities

* Happy Home Secondary School
* Ahsan Public School
* Gulistan Shah Abdul Latif School
* The City School, Bhit Shah
* Sun Rise English Grammar School, Shahdadpur

References

Begum Amina Majeed Malik passes away -DAWN - Top Stories; 05 October, 2004

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List of schools in Sahiwal District

This is a list of schools in Sahiwal, Pakistan:

Arts and science schools

* The Educators KIDS Campus sahiwal
* The Educators Farid Town Campus sahiwal
* Shani Grammar Middle School,Sahiwal
* Divisional Public School
* Govt College Sahiwal
* Bahaw-Din Zikria University Multan, Sahiwal Campus
* Govt College for Women Sahiwal
* Govt High School Urban Area Sahiwal
* Govt High School
* Comprehensive School
* Young Tulip's School
* Bloomfield Hall School

== Fauiji Foundation School ==

Religious schools

* Faridia Islamic University Sahiwal Pakisan


List of schools in Pakistan set 1


Following is a list of schools in Pakistan and classifies schools by cities.

National

* Foundation Public School, Karachi and Hyderabad
* City School System
* Apex School, Karachi
* Kehkshan School
* The Jaffar Public School
* Roots School System
* SLS College and Visa Centre
* Rising Pakistan Montessori and School (RPMS)
* Mc Deutsche International School
* Aisha Lasani Model School
* Beaconhouse School System
* The Educators
* Divisional Public School
* Sheikh Zaid International School
* Ad-Dawa School System
* Bai Virbaji Soparivala Parsi High School
* SLS Montessori and High School
* Usman Public School System, Karachi
* Smart School Systems
* Garrison School System
* Modernage Public School and College (Abbottabad)
* The Mama Parsi Girls Secondary School (Karachi)

Azad Kashmir

* Ultimate Technologies Academia, Mirpur

Balochistan

* Dar-e-Arqam School of Islam and Modern Sciences

Islamabad Capital Territory

* Westminster School and College
* Khaldunia High School
* CDA Model School
* Islamabad Model College
* Pakturk
* International School of Islamabad
* Preparatory School Islamabad
* Smart School Systems
* Headstart School (Pakistan)
* International Grammar School and College
* Resource Academia Islamabad
* National Institute of Journalism
* RPMS Rising Pakistan Montessori and School
* EMS High School
* Islamabad Convent School
* Beaconhouse School Systems
* Roots International
* Froebels International School
* COMRAT School
* SLS Montessori and High School
* City School System
* Read School
* F.G Model School
* OPF Boys College
* Modern Language School
* Khaldunia High School
* Lahore Grammar School

North-West Frontier Province

Ghazi Terbela

* AL-Furqan Public School and Ghazi Computer Institute (Girls only), Ghazi

Peshawar

* Beaconhouse School System, Jamrud Campus.
* Beaconhouse School System, University Town Campus
* Beaconhouse School System, Hayatabad Camus
* Beaconhouse School System, Cantt Branch
* City School, University Town
* City School, Hayatabad
* City School, Cantt
* City School, Defense
* City School, Warsak Road
* Roots Montessori and School System, Hayatabad
* The Educators, Hayatabad Campus
* The Educators, Defense Campus
* The Educators, University Town Campus
* The Educators, Charsadda Road Campus
* Lahore Grammar School, Hayatabad
* Lahore Lyceium, University Town
* Peshawar Grammar School, University Town
* Bloomfield Hall, University Town
* Daffodils, University Town
* Mushroom Montessori and School System, Zariyab Colony
* Peshawar Model

Haripur

* Jinnah Jamia Public School and College, Haripur
* Sir Syed Model School and College, Haripur
* Telecom. Girls Public School and college, T&T Colony
* Al-Furqan Public School, Ghazi
* Al-Furqan Education System, Maktaba Al-Furqan Girls College Road Haripur
* Kausar Public School, founded by Syed Altaf Hussain Shah, Haripur City
* Sadat Model Public School, Baldher

Kohat

* Cadet College Kohat

Mansehra

* Mansehra International Public School and College, (Main Campus) for Boys
* Mansehra International Public School (City Campus) for Girls
* Orient Public School (OPS)
* The Educators Mansehra Campus
* The Educators Pre-School

Abbottabad

* Pine Hills Public School and College
* Modernage Public School and College
* Abbottabad Public School and College (APS)
* Pakistan International Public School and College Abbottabad (PIPS), Mandian
* Army Burnhall College, Mandian
* Present Times Public School
* Iqra Academy, Abbottabad
* Modern School System

Northern Areas

* Aga Khan Higher Secondary School, Gilgit
* Public School And College Jutail, Gilgit
* Aga Khan Higher Secondary School, Gahkuch
* Army Public School And College, Gilgit
* Army Public School Skardu,Skardu Baltistan
* Hayat Shaheed Army Public School And College
* Aga Khan Academy, Hunza
* Aga Khan Academy, Sher Qilla
* Aga Khan Academy, Rahimabad
* Hasigawa Memorial Public School And College, Hunza
* Higher Flyers School And College, Gilgit
* Prelude Public School And College, Gilgit
* Nobel Public School
* Career Guidance
* Cadet College, Skardu

Punjab

Sahiwal

* Dare Arqam Model School System – Website
* Quality Islamic Education with Islamic values with affordable price

Bahawalpur

* Sadiq Public School
* Superior School of Excellence Khairpur Tamewali
* Alpina School

Chakwal, Bhaun

* Nexus School, Bhaun
* Cadet College Kallar Kahar

Gujrat

* Wisdom House Channan
* Miss farida Sheikh School
* Dare Arqam Model School
* Municipal School

Multan

* Beacon House School Systems
* Nishat High School
* Multan Public School and College
* Jinnah Highs school System
* Education Zone Khanewal Road

Channan

* Wisdom House Channan

Jhelum

* SLS College & Visa Centre

Jhang

* Chenab College Jhang
* Ghazali Pilot Schools

Chiniot

* Chenab College Chiniot

Sadiqabad

* Public School (Sadiqabad)

Rawalpindi

* Cadet College Hasan Abdal
* KRL Model College Kahuta
* St Mary's Academy
* Rawalpindi International School, Rehmanabad Chowk
* St Mary's Cambridge School, Murree Road
* Rising Pakistan Montessori and School
* Divisional Public School, Sadiqabad Chowk
* Siddeeq Public School
* Springfield Public School
* Sir Syed Public School, Tipu Road
* Presentation Convent, Lalkurti
* SLS Montessori and High School
* Rainbow Foundation High School and Girls College
* Haq Public High School Block F, Satellite Town
* F G Sir Syed Secondary School Mall Road
* F G Technical High School, Lalkurti
* Haq Public High School, F Block Satellite Town
* Jinnah Preparatory School, A Block Satellite Town

Continue read more to List of Schools for your kids's campus in Pakistan set 2

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Bonello says bank will take 'prudent' view on key rates

European Central Bank council member Michael Bonello said the economic impact of the credit crunch is difficult to predict and policymakers will take a "prudent approach" when weighing the need for lower interest rates.

We will be assessing the information as it comes in and take a decision at the next meeting after due deliberation," Bonello, who heads Malta's central bank, said. "Particularly in these uncertain times, that is the most prudent approach to take."

Investors raised bets on the ECB cutting rates as soon as next month after president Jean-Claude Trichet on Thursday said inflation pressures are diminishing as economic growth slows.

The financial crisis is intensifying in Europe, with governments forced to bail out banks and guarantee consumers' deposits after credit costs soared to records.

Major efforts are being made to mitigate the impact of the financial turmoil on the real economy, but you have various elements at play in different countries and what the overall impact is going to be at the end of the day is unpredictable," Bonello said. "There are several indications that the tempo of activity is slowing down but we have to wait for the [domestic product] number for the third quarter to know exactly the extent of this weakening."

The economy of the 15 countries sharing the euro contracted 0.2 per cent in the second and third-quarter GDP figures are due on November 14. The ECB will publish new growth and inflation forecasts in December.

The central bank last week left its benchmark interest rate at 4.25 per cent, a seven year high. Investors have priced in a reduction to 4 per cent by December.

The world's biggest financial institutions have recorded almost US$600 billion (Bt20.64 billion) in write downs and losses tied to the United States mortgage market since the start of last year, driving Lehman brothers Holdings into bankruptcy on September 15 and forcing governments to rescue banks in the US, UK and Europe. Bonello, who declined to comment on specific bail-outs, said the measures are "designed to restore confidence".

The ECB has held off cutting rates because of its concern that the jump in inflation will become entrenched through a wage-price spiral as workers seek compensation for the higher cost of living.

While inflation in Europe last month slowed to 3.6 per cent after crude-oil prices retreated from a July record of $147.27 a barrel, it is still above the ECB's 2-per-cent limit. Trichet last week said inflation risks have "not disappeared".

Bonello said, "The Governing Council has repeatedly warned that second- round effects risk setting off a wage-price spiral.

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ECB, BANKS DRAIN EXCESS CASH

Record number of banks park cash as ending woes plague market

The European Central Bank said a record number of banks took up an offer to park cash with it on Monday as financial institutions baulk at lending to each other.

The ECB said it drained €172 billion (Bt8.05 trillion) from the banking system at a fixed rate of 4.25 per cent for one day.

A record 111 banks participated in the unscheduled liquidity-absorbing operation, more than twice the 54 involved in the tender on Friday, after the ECB last week relaxed restrictions on which institutions can take part.

Commercial banks are refusing to lend to each other after the United States housing slump caused the collapse of New York-based Lehman Brothers Holdings and forced governments to bail out banks in the US and Europe.

Last week, banks borrowed the most in more than seven years from the ECB at its emergency rate as the credit crunch worsened across the region.

Yesterday's draining operation was the fourth since banks' overnight deposits with the ECB jumped to a record €102.8 billion on September
30.

From yesterday, all banks that are eligible to participate in standard market operations and fulfil additional criteria specified by national central banks are allowed to bid in these auctions.

The ECB yesterday lent banks US$50 billion (Btl.72 trillion) for one day as demand for dollars in Europe surges. Banks bid for $90.9 billion.

The ECB will provide sufficient liquidity to keep money markets working and will continue to provide cash in euros as well as in dollars,
ECB president Jean-Claude Trichet said.

Confidence in financial markets is "the most important ingredient" to ending the turmoil, he said.
The worst US housing slump since the Great Depression has pushed up the cost of credit globally. The world's biggest financial companies have posted almost $600 billion in write-downs and credit losses since the start of last year after the sub-prime mortgage market collapsed.

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A Way of Executives to know the Energy Saving

The methods of energy saving in industrial sectors can do them and receive feedbacks in short term. If you have good measures and managements you can save energy between 5-30% without any effecting the quantity and quality of the existing products. But they will affect to reduce the investment costs and help the overall of national economics, too.

The main factor to affect the efficient energy managements is the "Top Managements" who have assigned the policies and goals clearly and compactly. They have set a direct responsible person and monitored and evaluated continuously so the energy saving will obtain successfulness. The successfulness of energy saving hasn't only depended on the top management or employer, but also they have concluded many lower level managements or staffs under the same goals and proceeding methods. These concepts are like the same as the Quality Control of production process with team work of staffs of every department.

Proceeding Method on Preparing the Energy Management of Executive

They must to begin from the policy of top management and set a committee to respond and bring them to practice. They will start from collecting, studying and analyzing the related data and their results will consider to design the goals and plans of energy saving. And that they will come to the collecting step of techniques and pay back investment costs and will set the action plan and practice them to meet successfully. After that they will be evaluated for revising and finding the new solving methods.

1. Clearance Policy from Top Management: is the most importance and essentialness to begin any project as like a key to success. If the executive will support so the low level staffs will see them importantly, too and ready to the top management or employer, but also they have cooperative work. There are proceeding methods such as to fix the principle policy to assign every employers to held to practice and as a important subject must to proceed which should contain in the agenda of executive level meeting every time, to promote many activities to proceed to save energy and to be one of the normal duty of employee nothing special work.

Preparing the meeting of middle management and staffs to support them for emphasizing the main policy more clearly and request the cooperation of lower level staffs to give data to the energy saving committee. And the meeting gives them to explain the data of energy consumption, production capital, target and among of saving, and supporting the financing and man power to the energy committee.

2. Setting the Energy Committee: it has related to the efficient improvement of energy consumption in any level of production process to reduce energy requirement and has controlled the policy and operations of energy using with using the energy as stepping such as the Co-generation system to produce the electricity and heating in the same time to reduce the electricity purchasing from the Electricity Authority.

The management of these large level activities needs to have a direct responsible committee or team to proceed since target setting, proceeding control until monitoring and evaluation so the proceedings have done smoothly, continuously and successfully. But the one business will has the Energy Management Committee [EMC] or not, it has depended on size of business, amount of energy consumption and the ratio of energy values and total capital cost of production. The characteristic of EMC forming has a form such as the committee which considered from the most any energy consumption departments and from the representative of many departments. A chairman was selected by the member voting who has coordinated within EMS and has commanded directly from the company executive. The committee of each department might to set each subcommittee of department to help the activities of energy saving which they close to daily working like the 05 activities, It should set the policy about the time meeting of EMS and subcommittees and recorded EMS meeting and prepare a minute to propose the executive and the other hand the subcommittees prepared a minute to propose an EMS, too.

3. Collection and Analysis of Energy Consumption: to know the situation of energy consumption exactly such as which type of using, different quantity of energy consumption in many parts and energy costs. In addition it can inspect the drawbacks of energy using to improve them, the energy losses without getting any benefits for planning the improvement and increasing efficiency of energy using.

The corrected survey and analysis of energy consumption need some kind measured equipment such as thermometer, pressure gauge and flow rate meter, etc or from the recorders such as bill of electricity, oil and other fuels, etc. The analyzed results had been presented to the diagram clearly and easily to understand to follow to compare the next time.

In addition from the present data, we should collect the data of energy consumption at the past time, too. They were founded that in the past situation how to use energy and how much the energy losses or saving and use them to be the way to improve in the future time and baseline to compare in the next time. This information had been presented in form of the identification of energy consumption in many energy forms with energy values since the past time until present time. The energy consumption curve with relating to the amount of production, this curve is very useful to indicate the problems of energy using such as more higher than the past time in the same production, etc.

4. Setting the Goal and Project: it should help to be efficient energy saving. The good goal has come from understanding in the situation and potential of energy using, existing machines and equipments, agency and staffs including being activities with relating energy. The setting of goal can make 4 methods such as 1) an abstract goal such as our factory must to be an excellent energy saving, 2) a specific goal such as using the heat recovery with pay back period 3 years, 3) a perfect goal such as we must to save X energy unit per production unit and 4) a related goal such as we must to save energy in 2007 about 20%.

5. Collection and Selection of Suitable Energy Saving Project: it is a brainstorming from many operation departments and persons to try to activate everyone to cooperate to propose the improving project of energy saving. And we identified these ideas with feasible evaluating and suitability in field both of technique and financing. The selection of high potential project with setting the detail action plan for each steps.

Modern Manufacturing

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Several Dimensions' Looking of Manufacturers

"Their looking…What's happen on the next year?"

Although all the government sounds will expect the Thailand's economic on next year will has more a good trend than this year with the growth rate about 5-5.5%, It will has a supporting force from the investment of government and the proceduring policy of unbalanced budget at a high frame of payment up to 1.46 hundred million bahts or about 1 .7% of GOP.

Especially, the investments of government projects have a plan to draw budgets on mid-year of 2007 such as the 98,000 million bahts for public transportation system, 124,000 million bahts for residences and 60,000 million bahts for water resource development projects. So these projects will affect to the overall investments on the next year that can expand to 8-9% with comparing on this year at 4.8-5.8%.

In Addition, the pressure of inflation rate will trend to reduce down to 1.5-3% from the situation of oil price's world. The crude oil price of Tubi market will expect to 50-70 US dollars per ballel from the average price 65 US dollars per ballel on this year. And including the supporting force of the trend of interest rate will begin to reduce and FED's interest rate will expect to reduce down to 4.75-5% from 5.25% of this year and the RP interest of 14 days at 5% at the present will down 0.5% on the next year. According to the interest of market will reduce for increasing the power of buying capacity of consumers in the one way.

But it cannot judge that the economic will grow up because there are a lot of conditions both in foreign countries and in country affecting to the negative situation. At the lest time, the Organization of Economic and Cooperation Development (OECD) reported the overview of world economic in 6 months and will expect the growth rate on this year still expand strongly up to 3.2%. But it has concerned to slow down to 2.5% on the next year with affecting from the withdrawing of US's economic.

This trend of withdrawing will slow down to 3.3% from the old expectation at 3.6% and may be down to 2.4%. So the Thailand's export with the 70% sharing of GDP cannot avoid to be impacted and might to slow down to expend only 10.0-15.0% from expended export on this year 17%.

And the problem is aggravating the Thailand export is the adaptation of money value more quickly during 1 year or from 40 bahts per US dollar to be a stronger value up to 36 bahts per US dollar or stronger than 10% during 1 year.

The stronger money value hasn't occurred in the nature, but it has been by molting violently. It has caused from interest loan in country higher than other countries so the investments of foreign money have flowed in country. And including the money value spinning of speculator so we must to find out the management method to build the stability of baht value and setting of regulation to fix the timing of bahts buying-selling for protection of speculation such as if you bought baht money, you cannot sell before I year and other methods. So these problems are very concern and the government must brave to make a decision.

The past time, academicians or some government agencies had shew their thinking of the situation's baht value and exporting sector that they are still good but nobody can know the real problems as equal as the exports. It has not only the exporting manufacturers to get many impacts but also these existing impacts have a chain characteristic and have affected to buying power of consumers and be a puller of Thailand economic finally.

However we have evaluated the situation of principle industries on the next year as electronic, electric household, automotive and components and iron products which will good expend. But in the industries of food and fashion will meet to the competition violently from the competition countries such as Vietnam, Indonesia and China where have lower capital cost than Thailand.

Modern Manufacturing

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Oil: Several observations for its application

Many products from oil can be gained in the refining process that can be widely used directly and indirectly in which the quality of the fuel has been continuously developed to be up to date with the endless evolution of engines. At this point, we will look at two familiar and widely used type of fuel which is benzene and diesel.

Thailand's current trade in fuel is in accordance with the free trade system whereby oil price varies depending on market mechanism that relies on many factors such as production status. Utilizing the global situation to observe reveals that oil prices at various petrol stations of several companies shifts in the same direction in accordance with global oil prices. The distribution price of oil in the country can be categorized in two ways as follows:

1. Wholesale price in front of the refinery is composed of the price at the refinery plus tax from the revenue office and the municipality, oil fund, energy conservation promotion fund and value added tax or VAT.
2. Retail price at the petrol station comprised of the wholesale price in front of the refinery plus the market value and VAT so we buy petrol from the various stations at the retail price in which the price structure is made up of 3 important parts:

Benzene

Octane Value is a fuel's characteristic that shows its ability to resist the explosion before the appropriate time in benzene engines. In other words, this number refers to the resistance to knockout of the fuel in benzene engines due to the increase in temperature within the mixture between air and fuel that is being injected by a flame before the termination of the combustion process in the injection cylinder of the engine in which the knockout of an engine can cut its strength. However, each type of engine has a different octane value depending on the design by the engine manufacturer.

Amount of Lead Even though at present, there is no lead added in benzene to increase its octane value but lead might be mixed in crude oil or the production process in which lead is considered a pollutant in exhaust gas and dangerous to the human body so a benchmark to control its amount must be established.

Amount of Sulfur Once sulfur in fuel is burned, it can corrode and cause the engine to be worn out as well as become dust making the engine dirty and pollute the atmosphere.

Amount of Phosphorus usually originates from the adding of substance into benzene to increase its quality which could damage the exhaust filter.

Corrosion Oil that has substances mixed in it such as sulfur can cause corrosion in metallic components wearing out the engine in which the corrosion value is the index that shows the wear out status in engines.

Stability towards oxidation reaction is the index that shows the ability of the fuel to result in a reaction with oxygen generating a sticky substance having an impact on exhaust, combustion chamber and oil reserve.

Amount of sticky substance Once oil that has a component of nitrogen making reaction with oxygen in the air, a sticky substance will be created which is considered a dirty substance in the exhaust system and combustion chamber freezing the valve and ring as well as obstructing the carburetor.

Evaporation rate is the feature that shows the heavy and light weight component of the oil as well as how and how long it will be continuously burned. If there is more light weight substance, it will be hard to start but if oil slowly evaporates at a consistent rate, gradually increasing the temperature will make the combustion more continuous with the engine running more smoothly. Hence, the evaporation rate of oil can effect the start up of an engine, its acceleration and energy saving.

Exhaust pressure must not exceed the standard to prevent the problem of exhaust blocking the oil passage tube causing the flow of oil to be inconsistent in the carburetor which could make the engine different to start, jerk or turn off suddenly.

Amount of benzene substance Benzene is an aromatic substance with a high octane value but dangerous to the human respiratory system, brain in which inhaling for a long period of time could lead to cancer.

Amount of aromatics has a high octane value in which certain aromatics such as benzene, polycyclic aromatics has caused cancer in experimented animals. Apart from this, burning oil with a high amount of aromatic substance can generate a high amount of ash as well as exhaust with aromatics in the case of incomplete combustion.

Color Generally, benzene has no color but vendors usually add color in order to easily differentiate the various types of fuel and prevent counterfeits in which benzene octane 91 will have a red color while benzene octane 95 will have a yellow color.

Amount of water can rapidly damage the fuel and cause blockage at a low temperature as wall as make the angina not to run as smooth.

Oxygenate substances added in benzene to help increase oxygen such as MTBE [Tertiary Butyl Ether] can help improve combustion and reduce pollutants such as carbon monoxide. At the same time, MTBE with a high oxygen value more than 100 will help increase octane in benzene but vendors will usually control its amount to be at a suitable level because MTBE absorbs water very well.

Quality increasing substances in benzene Adding these types of substances can increase the effectiveness of its application as follows
- Cleaning substances helps to wash dirt left in the fuel system and maintain the carburetor to always be clean
- Air mixture resistance substances help to prevent benzene from mixing with oxygen in the atmosphere as well as sticky substances dangerous to the fuel system from happening
- Corrosion and rust prevention substances prevents rust from blocking the oil filter in the carburetor

Diesel fuel

Diesel is one of the products gained from refining crude oil but has a boiling temperature and concentration index higher than benzene. Diesel engines have a different operating principle from benzene engines in which the explosion of diesel engines use heat from air injection in the cylinder eventually injecting the fuel to create combustion unlike explosion using a start plug in benzene engines.

Characteristic and feature of diesel fuel

Inflammation This feature can show the ability in starting an engine at a low temperature and prevent the knockout of the engine during combustion in the cylinder, The combustion is fast with high effectiveness in which these features come out in the form of a cetane index or cetane number whereby the cetane index must be high enough to meet the cycle [rpm] of the engine making the start up of the engine easy without any knockout and helping to save energy.

Cleanliness is the important feature of diesel fuel whereby the fuel must be clean before and after combustion. For instance, there must be a minimum amount of sediment, ash, water or residues because diesel fuel requires en oil pump and fuel injection head in combustion.

Distribution in the form of minute drops The concentration or transparency will determine the distribution of diesel. The right amount of concentration will make the oil to distribute in minute drops very well in which the concentration of diesel has en impact on the oil pumping system for while the pump injects fuel into the combustion chamber the oil itself will lubricate the piston.

Evaporation rate of diesel can affect the boiling and inflammation point.

Color Normally, diesel has a light tea-like color but sometimes it could change due to the fact that in the refining process, crude oil from different locations with the same features might be used in which color is not the important factor in determining the quality of the fuel. Vendors have set up 3 standard colors similar to tea in which the color might intensify if kept for long periods but if it turns green or dark black, counterfeits might be made from furnace oil or used engine oil.

Amount of sulfur in oil is not desirable in which there are 2 types of corrosion by sulfur in oil. The first type comes from the corrosion after combustion whereby components of sulfur after combustion will generate sulfur dioxide which integrated with water will have the features of acid corrode the various parts of the engine. The second type comes from sulfur in the fuel that is oil will corrode the injection system of the diesel engine whereby the amount of sulfur in diesel fuel will be more or less depending on the type of crude oil and refining process used. Sulfur components with corrosion features come in several forms such as mercaptain, disulfide or heterocyclic such as Thiopental.

Concentration and transparency has an effect on the shape of the oil particles sprayed from the injection head. If the oil has a high concentration index, spraying in minute drops will not be good for the particles will be big and spout far instead of being sprayed in small particles causing oil not to mix well with air making the combustion incomplete and lowering the effectiveness of the engine. If the oil has a low concentration value, the spraying of oil will be delicate but it won't go as far making the combustion bad as well as there could be leakage back in the pump and injection head. Thus, diesel will generally have a concentration or transparency index at 1.8-4.1 centistokes at a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius.

Choosing the suitable type of diesel fuel

Diesel fuel or Zola is another name of high speed diesel to differentiate it from heavy diesel. Choosing diesel fuel is different from benzene because only high speed diesel is sold at petrol stations while heavy diesel is sold by oil companies directly to industries. The important point is that most oars or trucks at present use both benzene and diesel engines so the opening for filling oil in cars should have a sign that clearly states the type of fuel. If misused, engine problems could follow.

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Intelligent transportation system

Intelligent transportation system
Worldwide Initiative to Add Communications Technology


Intelligent transportation Systems vary in technologies applied, from basic management systems such as car navigation, traffic light control systems, container management systems, variable message signs or speed cameras to monitoring applications such as security CCTV systems, and then to more advanced applications which integrate live data and feedback from a number of other sources, such as weather information, bridge de-icing systems, and the like. Additionally, predictive techniques are being developed, to allow advanced modeling and comparison with historical baseline data. Some of the constituent technologies typically implemented in ITS are described in the following sections.

The ITS sector was known as Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). At the time it was recognized that all forms of transport could benefit from the application of information and communications technologies (lCT). However the term ICT had not yet been described in popular vernacular. The global leaders in ITS at the time then determined that there needed to be a term to describe the application of ICT to transport and coined the term Intelligent Transportation Systems.

Various forms of wireless communications technologies have been proposed for intelligent transportation systems. Short-range communications (less then 500 yards) can be accomplished using IEEE 802.11 protocols or the Dedicated Short Range Communications standard being promoted by the Intelligent Transportation Society of America and the United States Department of Transportation. Theoretically the range of these protocols can be extended using Mobile ad-hoc networks or Mesh networking.

Longer range communications has been proposed using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or 3G. Long-range communications using these methods is well established, but unlike the short-range protocols these methods require extensive and very expensive infrastructure deployment. There is lack of consensus as to what business model should support this infrastructure.

Floating car data; floating cellular data (FCD)

Virtually all motorists travel with a mobile phone in their vehicles. These mobile phones routinely transmit their location information to the network-even when no voice connection is established. These cellular phones in cars are used as anonymous traffic probes. As the car moves, so does the signal of the mobile phone. By measuring and analyzing triangulation network data-in an anonymized format-the data is converted into accurate traffic flaw information. The more congestion, the more cars, the more phones and thus mare probes. In metropolitan areas the distance between antennas is shorter and, thus, accuracy increases. No infrastructure need be built along the road-only the mobile phone network is leveraged. The FCD technology provides great advantages over existing methods of traffic measurement:—much less expensive than sensors or cameras-more coverage: all locations and streets-faster to set up (no work zones) and less maintenance-works in all weather conditions, including heavy rain

Sensing technologies

State-of-the-art sensor technologies have greatly enhanced the technical capabilities and safety benefits awaiting intelligent transportation systems around the world. Sensing systems for ITS can be either infrastructure based or vehicle based systems, or both-see, for example, Intelligent vehicle technologies. Infrastructure sensors are devices that are installed or embedded on the road, or surrounding the road (buildings, posts, and signs for example). These sensing technologies may be installed during preventive road construction maintenance or by sensor injection machinery for rapid deployment of road in-ground sensors. While vehicle sensors are those devices installed on the road or in the vehicle, new technology development has also enabled cellular phones to become anonymous traffic probes, such as floating car data.

Inductive loop detection

Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to detect vehicles as they pass over the loop by measuring the vehicle's magnetic field. The simplest detectors simply count the number of vehicles during a unit of time (typically 60 seconds in the United States) that pass over the loop, while more sophisticated sensors estimate the speed, length and weight of vehicles and the distance between them. Loops can be placed in a single lane or across multiple lanes, and they work with very slow or stopped vehicles as well as vehicles moving at high-speed.

Video vehicle detection

Traffic flow measurement using video cameras is another form of vehicle detection. Since video detection systems do not involve installing any components directly into the road surface or roadbed, this type of system is known as a "non-intrusive" method of traffic detection. Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed into processors that analyze the changing characteristics of the video image as vehicles pass. The cameras are typically mounted on poles or structures above or adjacent to the roadway. Most video detection systems require some initial configuration to "teach" the processor the baseline background image. This usually involves inputting known measurements such as the distance between lane lines or the height of the camera above the roadway. A single video detection processor can detect traffic simultaneously from four to eight cameras, depending on the brand and model. The typical output from a video detection system is lane-by-lane vehicle speeds, counts and lane occupancy readings. Some systems provide additional outputs including gap, headway, stopped-vehicle detection and wrong-way vehicle alarms.

Electronic toll collection

Electronic toll collection (ETC) makes it possible for vehicles to drive through toll gates at traffic speed, reducing congestion at toll plazas and automating toll collection. Originally ETC systems were used to automate toll collection, but more recent innovations have used ETC to enforce cordon zones in city centers and ETC Lanes.

Until recent years most ETC systems were based on using radio devices in vehicles that would use proprietary protocols to identify a vehicle as it passed under a gantry over the roadway. More recently there has been a move to standardize ETC protocols around the Dedicated Short Range Communications protocol that has been promoted for vehicle safety by the Intelligent Transportation Society of America, ERTICO and ITS Japan.

Whilst communication frequencies and standards do differ around the world there has been a broad push toward vehicle infrastructure integration (VII) around the 5.9 GHz frequency
(802.11 .x WAVE)

ITS Australia also facilitated via its National Electronic Tolling Committee representing all jurisdictions and toll road operator interoperability of toll tags in Australia for the multi lane free flow tolls roads.

Other systems that have been used include barcode stickers, license plate recognition, infrared communication systems and Radio Frequency Identification Tags.

Reference:
- Intelligent Vehicle Technologies, LLC-Where Innovation Intelligence and Technology meet the Road Ahead
- Simple Intelligent Electronic Solutions-Give us your Concept or Problem and we'll Develop the Solution
- lnnov ITS: UK Centre of Excellence for Transport Telematics and Sustainable Mobility
- Making Vehicles and Highways Intelligent
- International, Benefits, Evaluation and Costs Working Group for the ITS community
- National German interest group
- Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems
- International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

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Be careful about your safety. Don't let it happens and damage before

Accidents cause many losses in labor's lives and the industrial factorie's assets. In Some cases it is easy to estimate the damages clearly, but some cases it is not so.

The safety working environment development in the factory is very important to the successful working rnanagement in the industrial factories nowadays. Because it can reduce costs, save budgets, and encourage the employee's mind better.

But in the contrast, if there is any accident happened in the factory, even only one time, it can cause many things damaged, especially the factory image and bring about many bad effects.

Definitions in Safety
Hazard means the situation that tends to be injured in person, causes any loss end damage in assets or materials, or affect in the working ability in person.

Danger means the higher level of violence from hazard. Danger derived from hazard may be in high level or much or little depending on the protection policy in that place.

Damage means the violence of injury or physical loss or the happened loss in working operation or finance because of lacking the hazard or danger control.

Safety generally means being with no hazard which is impossible in practice to remove all hazard and danger out. So safety covers to the being with no danger happening in the most chance.

Accident means en event happened unexpectedly and caused injury, handicap, or death and lost some assets.

Safety Policy for Management
The way to develop safety in the factory should be determined as the clear policy and assigned by the executive committee or the executive officer of that factory to achieve the goal. The current safety management emphasizes in the main and important principles: the organization establishment, the operation planning, and control.

The 5 basic principles for management to guide the safety development way in the factory or the accident prevention theoretically and new concept are:

- Unsafe operation: the unsafe environment and number of happened accidents are the symptom of weakness or error in the management system.
- In some situations or environment you can forecast that it will cause the danger or trouble injury. So you should detect such situations, control and improve them.

- The safety development in the factory should manage as same as other duties in the factory. The executive should do this work by setting the achievable goal, planning, establishing the effective organization, and controlling and keeping track of results.

- The heart to ach the safety working work and effective is the duty and responsibility assignment to the right field or staff clearly and doing it seriously and continuously.

- The duty of safety development in the factory is to find and specify the weakness or error in the operation which can cause the danger or accident. For example, finding the reason that why the danger happened or asking that they practice the safety protection method in the right way and seriously or not.

The environment in the factory
The factory is counted to be an entrepreneur. The internal management is the management in labors, tools and equipments that support the engineering technology. This is one to the main component, so the people who relate with the factory-the staff and others-may involve or touch these things and have chance to be dangerous from using tools and equipments all the times. So it should have the safety engineering management to the factory for you and others to be safe.

People or staffs here mean all employees in the factory, engineers, and technicians. That is everybody in the factory. The danger is the hazard that may happen while they are working. It may come from their inexperience, lacking knowledge in their works, having the unsafe attitude and conscious, having no good sell-protection, being benighted, their carelessness, etc.

The current environment is another important factor. Even we train a lot of people, but they have to work in the bad environments-place, tools, equipments, air, light, heat, disease, animals or even the workmate, the boring routine works, the hurry of work, salary, long working time, etc. These factors involve in causing danger or facing danger.

The Safety Seller
Mr. Nopphadon Chongchananatee, the managing director of North Safety Equipment Co., Ltd.-the safety equipments in factory import company, unveiled about the marketing demand that the demand of the safety equipment in the factory is increasing because of the higher advanced industrial technology. So the company gets more acknowledge from the customers- In addition, they are legal controlled in this part. These factors also push the marketing more.

Nowadays, factories which give priority to the safety equipment in the factory mostly are the automobile assembly factories, petrochemical factories, chemical factories, etc.

"In fact, the laws about safety have been announced to become effective that the entrepreneurs with 100 employees or more have to have the safety equipments for the employees. But now the laws are modifying that it is unnecessary to have as much as 100 employees. If it is the industrial factory, it must use the safety equipments in that factory. Indeed, the laws force directly and indirectly, but the most using factories are the big industries and the safety-based industries especially the factories that invested by the foreigners. They will emphasize about the safety very much. The little using factories are the SME factories because they don't determine about the safety much and may neglect a little, so they don't do fully".

So that Mr. Nopphadon compared about the safety standard in Thailand and the leading industrial countries like Germany and Japan that Thai standard is still tar away. It may be because Thai laws are not strict much and the employees do not know about the importance of it as much as they should know. That is, they do as they used to do. They do because their familiarity. So when comparing about using the safety equipment, the rate in Thailand is little.

The safety in oversea, since the basic of safety system emphasizes in the employee's life-life is very valuable, so they see this point as the big issue. Because if there is any accident happened, the sue cost and fine is very high, so they prepare well by fully protection.

View of the person who never overlooks the safety
Mr. Nopphadon unveiled that the products which the factories emphasize to use in the accident protection at work in the factories are many kinds of mask, example-the air filter mask which used to protect the respiration system is one of the most important product, and the secondary ones are helmet and safety boots.

Since the mask is used in the chemical, dust, and all pollution protection system. Later people pay more attention because the environment is more pollution. People who work at the factories that have pollution, they emphasize in it especially, e.g., the petrochemical industry, the automobile assembly factories, and the factories using toxic material.

The safety equipment in an industrial factory which is important but overlooked belongs to the category that does not give fast side effects. For example, the dust filter mask which belongs to the category that gives that accumulated side effects, so it is overlooked in some cases. But the chemical protection mask which belongs to the category that gives fast side effects when people breathe, therefore they seek for it.

Nopphadon Chongchananatee

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